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Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
In transition: Commercializing fusion power
Commercial fusion power is closer than ever. There are now around 30 U.S. fusion companies, several of which claim to be on track to connect to the grid as early as the 2030s.
Tokamak and laser inertial confinement approaches benefit from decades of research at facilities such as the National Ignition Facility (NIF) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and ITER, with alternative concepts including stellarator, magnetic mirror, and Z-pinch confinement also making notable progress as private and government funding for fusion increases.
Markus Meier, George Yadigaroglu, Michele Andreani
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 136 | Number 3 | November 2000 | Pages 363-375
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE00-A2165
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
In certain passive, future boiling water reactor concepts, during emergency cooling conditions, mixtures of steam and nitrogen are blown into a pool of water via a downward-facing open pipe; at its end, large gas bubbles form, break up, and rise in the water. We have developed a computer simulation program for the hydrodynamics of the process using an isothermal piecewise linear interface construction-volume of fluid method and carried out an experiment with flow rates up to 50 l/s into a tank of 1 m3 volume. Bubble frequencies and volumes can be predicted fairly well for the case of air injection. The experiments show that most of the condensation takes place before the bubble detaches from the pipe exit. The phenomena depend mainly on the volumetric flow rate of the gas and on a parameter measuring the shrinkage due to condensation. The rates of condensation were estimated to be very high.