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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
M. Bober, J. Singer
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 105 | Number 4 | August 1990 | Pages 341-348
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE90-A21469
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The optical constants of liquid UO2, n and k, were determined from reflection measurements at the 1064-nm wavelength in the near infrared. The reflectivities of the specimen surfaces were measured with polarized light in a pressurized integrating sphere laser reflectometer, and the respective values of the refractive index n and the absorption constant k of the specimen material were calculated. Consistent values resulted in the 3120 to 4000 K temperature range with little dependence on the temperature. Mean values are n = 2.0 and k = 0.51 in this range.