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In transition: Commercializing fusion power
Commercial fusion power is closer than ever. There are now around 30 U.S. fusion companies, several of which claim to be on track to connect to the grid as early as the 2030s.
Tokamak and laser inertial confinement approaches benefit from decades of research at facilities such as the National Ignition Facility (NIF) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and ITER, with alternative concepts including stellarator, magnetic mirror, and Z-pinch confinement also making notable progress as private and government funding for fusion increases.
M. Bober, J. Singer
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 105 | Number 4 | August 1990 | Pages 341-348
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE90-A21469
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The optical constants of liquid UO2, n and k, were determined from reflection measurements at the 1064-nm wavelength in the near infrared. The reflectivities of the specimen surfaces were measured with polarized light in a pressurized integrating sphere laser reflectometer, and the respective values of the refractive index n and the absorption constant k of the specimen material were calculated. Consistent values resulted in the 3120 to 4000 K temperature range with little dependence on the temperature. Mean values are n = 2.0 and k = 0.51 in this range.