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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
S. R. Dwivedi
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 80 | Number 1 | January 1982 | Pages 172-178
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE82-A21413
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Neutron or radiation transport kernels in general have two factors, namely, the space transition part and the energy-angle transition part. Importance biasing schemes are obtained here for these two factors separately leading to zero variance estimation by Monte Carlo. These biasing schemes are different from the one obtained by straightforward extension of importance biasing of the transport kernel. New biasing schemes are obtained for collision, track-length, and expectation estimators. Using the moments equations developed by Amster and Djomehri and extended by Lux to treat nonanalog games it is shown that these new biasing schemes lead to zero variance in the Monte Carlo estimation of reaction rate type of quantities.