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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
Riccardo A. Bonalumi
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 77 | Number 2 | February 1981 | Pages 219-229
Technical Note | doi.org/10.13182/NSE81-A21355
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
An explicit, analytical calculation of homogenized cell parameters has been developed for centrally symmetric cells or supercells. For every principal direction, a set of one-directional (noneigenvalue) calculations driven by neutrons injected from outside generate transmission/reflection matrices from which diffusion coefficient and cross-section matrices, generally full, are obtained analytically. The analytical calculation of the homogenized parameters is carried through for two different angular distributions of the injected neutrons (generic, P1) and for two mesh structures (ultrafine, 1 mesh/cell). Reaction-rate matching cross-section matrices are also obtained and are shown to be related to the conventional edge-flux normalized cross sections. Two test problems, covering both heavy water and light water lattices, show the superiority of the homogenized diffusion theory (HDT) parameters over the traditional ones: In the light water lattice problem, the HDT constants perform even better than analogous constants generated by other authors.