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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
Jeffrey Lewins
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 20 | Number 4 | December 1964 | Pages 517-520
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE64-A20994
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Two variational principles are discussed for time-dependent problems in reactor physics. The first is a stationary expression for the meter reading at a given time, the second a stationary expression for the integral of the meter reading up to a given time. Both the principles, unlike conventional Lagrangians extended to time-dependent nonconservative systems, have the advantage of requiring trial functions to be exact only at one end of the time interval of interest. Either may be generalized to account for nonlinearities. The second principle reduces to the first by making a suitable identification, while the first principle in turn reduces to a well-known and powerful variational principle for the steady state.