ANS is committed to advancing, fostering, and promoting the development and application of nuclear sciences and technologies to benefit society.
Explore the many uses for nuclear science and its impact on energy, the environment, healthcare, food, and more.
Explore membership for yourself or for your organization.
Conference Spotlight
2026 Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
August 24–27, 2026
Dallas, TX|Hilton Anatole
Latest Magazine Issues
Aug 2026
Jan 2026
2026
Latest Journal Issues
Nuclear Science and Engineering
October 2026
Nuclear Technology
September 2026
Fusion Science and Technology
August 2026
Latest News
Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
J. A. Halbleib, Sr., M. R. Scott
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 37 | Number 2 | August 1969 | Pages 271-277
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE69-A20687
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Extensive calculations have been carried out for neutron production from the 3H(d,n)4He, 3H(p,n)3He, and 2H(d,n)3He reactions using hydrated titanium targets. Both thin and totally stopping targets have been considered for ion energies up to 5 MeV. By using the appropriate ion energy, production angle, and reaction, and allowing an energy spread of 10%, it is found that one can obtain neutron current densities of the same order of magnitude with energies from 0 to 22 MeV except for the gap between 8 and 12 MeV. Above 1 MeV variation of all pertinent neutron production characteristics with target loading ratio are found to be essentially the same regardless of reaction type, ion energy, or production angle. Total neutron yields are also calculated along with an example neutron-energy spectrum.