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In transition: Commercializing fusion power
Commercial fusion power is closer than ever. There are now around 30 U.S. fusion companies, several of which claim to be on track to connect to the grid as early as the 2030s.
Tokamak and laser inertial confinement approaches benefit from decades of research at facilities such as the National Ignition Facility (NIF) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and ITER, with alternative concepts including stellarator, magnetic mirror, and Z-pinch confinement also making notable progress as private and government funding for fusion increases.
H. Brockmann
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 132 | Number 1 | May 1999 | Pages 127-134
Technical Note | doi.org/10.13182/NSE99-A2054
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
In calculating neutral particle transport through elongated voids with the discrete ordinates method, the problem of ray effect may occur if standard angular quadrature sets are used. To mitigate this ray effect, the configuration-factor concept developed in the theory of thermal radiation for calculating the radiation exchange among surfaces is applied here. The common configuration-factor concept is extended in such a way that the angular dependence of the radiation emitted from the surfaces can be considered. The method is applied to regular and annular cylinders with r-z geometry and incorporated into a two-dimensional discrete ordinates transport code. Calculations on a narrow-duct-streaming problem show that the ray effect is strongly reduced by this method. The new method gives results equivalent to or even better than a standard discrete ordinates calculation using a biased angular quadrature set with 166 directions at computing times for one inner iteration that are about a factor of 2 less.