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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
Ramendra P. Roy, S. Allen Ho
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 81 | Number 3 | July 1982 | Pages 459-467
Technical Note | doi.org/10.13182/NSE82-A20287
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Quasi-one-dimensional, two-fluid model conservation equations that allow unequal phase velocities and unequal phase temperatures are formulated by area averaging the time-averaged, local equations over the channel cross section. Two distribution parameters embodying the transverse profiles of the phase fractions and axial velocities appear naturally in the phasic momentum equations as factors in the convective terms. These two parameters can be effectively utilized to maintain hyperbolicity of the macroscopic conservation equation set as is demonstrated by solving a standard horizontal pipe blowdown problem.