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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
Hugh K. Clark
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 81 | Number 3 | July 1982 | Pages 351-378
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE82-A20279
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
As a contribution to a required review of the American National Standard for Nuclear Criticality Safety in Operations with Fissionable Materials Outside Reactors, limits for homogeneous 235U systems have been recalculated to confirm their subcriticality or, where there were doubts, to propose more restrictive values. In addition, other limits were calculated to propose for inclusion in the Standard, namely limits for solutions of 235UO2(NO3)2 and limits for solutions of both UO2F2 and UO2NO3)2 that allow credit for the presence of 238U. Limits were also calculated for uranium oxides. The same three methods of calculation were used as in similar work done recently for plutonium systems. The validity of each was established by extensive correlations with pertinent critical experiments.