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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
K. D. Lathrop
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 32 | Number 3 | June 1968 | Pages 357-369
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE68-4
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The nature of anomalous computational effects due to the discretization of the angular variable in transport theory discrete ordinates approximations is described and analyzed. The origin of these effects within the derivation of the Sn discrete ordinates equations is shown, and the effects are related to the non-equivalence of the general geometry discrete ordinates equations and the corresponding spherical harmonics equations. Procedures are given for the definition of two-dimensional discrete ordinates equations that are equivalent to the spherical harmonics equations. Elimination of ray effects from the two-dimensional S2 equations by reduction to the diffusion theory equations is verified in a numerical example. Recipes for the elimination of ray effects are analyzed in the analytic solution of the infinite medium, isotropic line-source problem in the rectangular geometry, S2 approximation. Optimum magnitudes for corrective source terms are indicated by the analysis. It is concluded that ray effects may be eliminated by modification of the discrete ordinates formulation, but that the extra computational effort may be more expensive than the alternative of increasing the order of angular quadrature and that the presence of discretization effects may serve as an indicator of the adequacy of the angular quadrature used.