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In transition: Commercializing fusion power
Commercial fusion power is closer than ever. There are now around 30 U.S. fusion companies, several of which claim to be on track to connect to the grid as early as the 2030s.
Tokamak and laser inertial confinement approaches benefit from decades of research at facilities such as the National Ignition Facility (NIF) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and ITER, with alternative concepts including stellarator, magnetic mirror, and Z-pinch confinement also making notable progress as private and government funding for fusion increases.
R. T. Santoro, R. A. Lillie, R. G. Alsmiller, Jr., J. M. Barnes
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 70 | Number 3 | June 1979 | Pages 225-242
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE79-A20145
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Two- and three-dimensional radiation transport methods have been employed to estimate the nuclear performance of the neutral beam injectors being designed for the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor. The nuclear heating rates and neutron and gamma-ray energy spectra have been calculated at various locations in a detailed calculational model of the injector using Monte Carlo methods. Calculations have also been carried out using discrete-ordinates methods to obtain estimates of these data in a two-dimensional model of the injector. The two-dimensional calculational procedure was developed as an analytic tool for more cost-efficient scoping and parametric studies of the effects of design changes on the injector performance due to the streaming of 14-MeV neutrons. The nuclear responses and spectra obtained using the two-dimensional calculational model agree with the more definitive data obtained using the three-dimensional model within a factor of ∼5.