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In transition: Commercializing fusion power
Commercial fusion power is closer than ever. There are now around 30 U.S. fusion companies, several of which claim to be on track to connect to the grid as early as the 2030s.
Tokamak and laser inertial confinement approaches benefit from decades of research at facilities such as the National Ignition Facility (NIF) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and ITER, with alternative concepts including stellarator, magnetic mirror, and Z-pinch confinement also making notable progress as private and government funding for fusion increases.
Martin Lopez de Bertodano
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 117 | Number 2 | June 1994 | Pages 126-133
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE94-A20079
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The objective of this analysis is to obtain an algebraic correlation for flooding and unflooding in a pressurized water reactor (PWR) hot leg during reflux core cooling. This correlation may be used in loss-of-coolant accident analysis codes such as RELAP5. The one-dimensional two-fluid model equations are solved to obtain a void fraction profile along the pipe. A jump condition is included in the model to account for the possibility of a hydraulic jump. The flooding correlation by Mishima and Ishii is used to determine the flooding point. The model is validated against the scaled-down data of Krolewski and the full-scale data of Ohnuki, Adachi, and Murao. Reducing the coefficient of the flooding correlation to match the full-scale data is necessary to account for the effect of diameter size. Based on the validated model, a flooding correlation is obtained along the lines of the Wallis flooding criterion. It is further shown that under the conditions prevalent during PWR refluxing, the hysteresis between flooding and unflooding is not relevant, so the same correlation is valid for both.