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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
Qingbiao Shen
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 117 | Number 2 | June 1994 | Pages 99-109
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE93-66
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Double-differential cross-section formulations are presented of a light composite particle projectile considering pickup-type reactions with one and two particles above the Fermi sea by using energy-averaged and energy-angle correlated kernels, respectively. The calculated results of cross sections, spectra, and double-differential cross sections indicate that generally the contributions of the pickup-type reactions with two particles above the Fermi sea are ∼15 to 25% when the incident energies are <50 MeV and become dominant when the incident energies are >50 MeV in some region of the outgoing energies and angles, whereas the forward tendency of the calculated angular distributions by the pickup configuration with two particles above the Fermi sea is weaker than that by the pickup configuration with one particle above the Fermi sea. The energy-angle correlation must be considered for the reactions of the outgoing composite particle with a higher incident energy.