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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
C. L. Brown, L. E. Hansen, H. Toffer
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 35 | Number 3 | March 1969 | Pages 358-363
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE69-A20014
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Exponential and critical approach experiments have been performed to determine material buddings and extrapolation distances for several hexagonal lattice arrays of 2.1 wt% 235U enriched uranium tubes in light water. Tubes of two sizes were measured—2.33-in. o.d., 1.77-in. i.d.; and 1.38-in. o.d., 0.63-in. i.d. The arrays included clean lattices of uranium tubes; uranium tubes containing lithium aluminate target rods; uranium tubes with adjacent neutron absorbing columns; and two mixed lattices of 0.95 and 2.1 wt% enriched tubes—one with the 0.95 and 2.1 wt% tubes evenly distributed in the lattice, and the other with the 0.95 and 2.1 wt% tubes arranged in alternate rings. These experiments supplement data obtained in 1965 for 1.002, 1.25, and 1.95 wt% enriched uranium tubes. Critical parameters for these lattices, calculated with the HAMMER code, agree reasonably well with the measured results.