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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
R. G. Alsmiller, Jr., T. W. Armstrong, Barbara L. Bishop
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 43 | Number 3 | March 1971 | Pages 257-266
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE71-A19971
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Nucleon-meson cascade calculations have been carried out for broad beams of monoenergetic negatively and positively charged pions normally incident on a semi-infinite slab of tissue 30-cm thick, and the absorbed doses and dose equivalents as a function of depth in the tissue are presented. Results are given for incident energies of 10, 30, 84, 150, 500, 1000, and 2000 MeV. For the lower incident energies (≤84 MeV), the pion range is <30 cm in tissue, and peaks in the absorbed doses and dose equivalents, due to the reaction products produced by the nuclear capture of the stopped negatively charged pions and to the decay products of the stopped positively charged pions, are clearly evident.