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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
A. D. Caldeira, A. F. Dias, R. D. M. Garcia
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 130 | Number 1 | September 1998 | Pages 70-78
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE98-A1990
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A degeneracy that may occur in the PN solution to the multigroup slowing-down problem reported in part I of this work is studied. The considered degeneracy is of first order, i.e., it connects only two groups in the defined multigroup structure. The singularities caused by the higher-energy group in the particular solution for the lower-energy group are removed by (a) adding to this solution convenient multiples of the PN modes that define the homogeneous solution for the lower-energy group and (b) applying a limiting procedure to the resulting expression. The propagation of the degenerate solutions to other groups below the lower-energy group is also studied. A test problem posed some years ago in the context of the FN method is solved to demonstrate the consistency of the developed degenerate solutions. Numerical results are tabulated for several orders of the approximation and are compared with previously reported FN results.