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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
H. Geng, S. M. Ghiaasiaan
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 129 | Number 3 | July 1998 | Pages 294-304
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE98-A1983
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A model for critical flow in capillaries and cracks of an initially subcooled liquid containing a dissolved noncondensable gas is presented. The model is based on the iterative numerical solution of, and the imposition of critical flow conditions on, one-dimensional two-phase flow conservation equations, everywhere assuming homogeneous equilibrium two-phase flow, and equilibrium between liquid and vapor-noncondensable mixture phases with respect to the concentration of the noncondensable.Model predictions are compared with data from two different sources with good agreement, indicating that the assumption of complete equilibrium between the two phases is adequate for estimating the critical flow in microchannels and cracks. The effect of dissolved noncondensables is examined, and it is shown that the desorption of dissolved noncondensables from water can lead to a slight (up to several percent) reduction in the critical flow rate.