ANS is committed to advancing, fostering, and promoting the development and application of nuclear sciences and technologies to benefit society.
Explore the many uses for nuclear science and its impact on energy, the environment, healthcare, food, and more.
Explore membership for yourself or for your organization.
Conference Spotlight
2026 ANS Winter Conference & Expo
November 15–18, 2026
Phoenix, AZ|Arizona Grand Resort & Spa
Latest Magazine Issues
Sep 2026
Jan 2026
2026
Latest Journal Issues
Nuclear Science and Engineering
October 2026
Nuclear Technology
Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
Westinghouse, Nordion, and PSEG team up to produce Co‑60 in the United States
This past January, Westinghouse Electric Company, Nordion, and PSEG Nuclear formalized agreements to implement newly developed cobalt-60 production technology at Units 1 and 2 of PSEG’s Salem nuclear power plant in New Jersey, with the Co-60 to be supplied to Nordion. Through an ongoing joint initiative, the companies aim to harness U.S. pressurized water reactors to produce a key medical isotope and build the first commercial-scale Co-60 production platform in the United States.
Jeng-Ming Fang, Yen-Wan H. Liu, Horng-Kuang Liu, Pin-Wu Kao, Jing-Tong Yang
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 116 | Number 3 | March 1994 | Pages 181-204
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE94-A19812
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A two-dimensional perturbation method with regionwise flux expansion is developed and tested for the boiling water reactor fast shutdown margin calculation. The ways of generating the two-dimensional parameters for the unrodded bundles are tested to find the one that results in the most accurate eigenvalue of the single-rod-out condition. The use of the one-bundle-per-region flux expansion method gives more accurate results than the ring-regionwise flux expansion method. The first four strongest control rods chosen by this method using one-bundle-per-region flux expansion always contain the top four strongest rods predicted by SIMULATE-3 three-dimensional calculations. The strongest rod is always correctly predicted, and the differences in shutdown margin predictions are <1 mk for all the cases tested. The time saved by using the two-dimensional perturbation method rather than the direct three-dimensional full-core calculation is a factor of ∼10 and even more for larger core loadings. By using correct two-dimensional parameters, the accuracies of the perturbation method itself in the calculations of the eigenvalue and the neutron flux distribution are also tested. It is found that the errors are very small even for such a strong perturbation in the shutdown margin calculation.