ANS is committed to advancing, fostering, and promoting the development and application of nuclear sciences and technologies to benefit society.
Explore the many uses for nuclear science and its impact on energy, the environment, healthcare, food, and more.
Explore membership for yourself or for your organization.
Conference Spotlight
2026 Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
August 24–27, 2026
Dallas, TX|Hilton Anatole
Latest Magazine Issues
Aug 2026
Jan 2026
2026
Latest Journal Issues
Nuclear Science and Engineering
October 2026
Nuclear Technology
September 2026
Fusion Science and Technology
August 2026
Latest News
Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
A. J. Buslik
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 32 | Number 2 | May 1968 | Pages 233-240
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE68-A19735
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Few-group diffusion equations are derived from variational principles. It is shown that by proper choice of trial function it is possible to derive a few-group theory in which interface boundary conditions of continuity of few-group fluxes and currents are obtained, even when the few-group constants are obtained by flux-adjoint weighting. The analysis is facilitated by the use of functionals that incorporate the interface condition of flux continuity by means of Lagrange multipliers. Two functionals are used to give two variants of the theory. Both functionals have as Euler equations the P-1 approximation to the time-independent, eigenvalue form of the energy-dependent transport equation. In addition, the current and flux interface boundary conditions are part of the complement of Euler conditions of the functionals. The functionals admit trial functions discontinuous in space and energy. The two functionals differ in that one has both flux and current arguments, whereas the other has only flux arguments, and yields the P-1 equations in second-order diffusion form.