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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
L. F. Hansen, J. D. Anderson, E. Goldberg, J. Kammerdiener, E. Plechaty, C. Wong
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 40 | Number 2 | May 1970 | Pages 262-282
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE70-A19688
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Using the sphere transmission and time-of-flight techniques, the neutron spectra emitted from 0.58 and 3.0 mfp of nitrogen and from 0.72 mfp of oxygen have been measured for a 14-MeV neutron source. The analysis of the data has been done using the Livermore Monte Carlo Neutron-Transport Program (SORS). Good agreement was obtained for nitrogen with a revised SORS calculation, where five inelastic levels are explicitly included in the computational routine for the (n,n′) cross sections. To obtain agreement between calculations and measurements for oxygen, the computational model had to be extended so that it could account for the presence of inelastic levels. A revision of the cross sections was also carried out. With these new versions of SORS, excellent fits to the experimental measurements for nitrogen and oxygen were obtained. Using the revised SORS program, calculations for the transport of neutrons in air from a 14-MeV point neutron source were obtained.