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Fusion Science and Technology
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In transition: Commercializing fusion power
Commercial fusion power is closer than ever. There are now around 30 U.S. fusion companies, several of which claim to be on track to connect to the grid as early as the 2030s.
Tokamak and laser inertial confinement approaches benefit from decades of research at facilities such as the National Ignition Facility (NIF) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and ITER, with alternative concepts including stellarator, magnetic mirror, and Z-pinch confinement also making notable progress as private and government funding for fusion increases.
Atsuyuki Suzuki, Ryohei Kiyose
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 44 | Number 2 | May 1971 | Pages 121-134
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE71-A19662
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The problem of optimal control rod withdrawal sequence is formulated for a multizone core model of a nuclear reactor. In particular, the maximum average burnup problem for light-water reactors is investigated to find the governing principles in optimal control rod programming. The optimal solution depends only on end-of-life (EOL) states, and in the optimal state, the control poisons are all withdrawn from the entire core and the power distribution will be as uneven as possible within the constraints on the power peaking factor. We define the core composition, including the control poison, which represents the nuclear performance of each zone and it is taken as an independent control vector. The admissible control is defined such that the control vector satisfies the criticality condition and the constraints of power peaking factor. Some complexities of the other constraints to be considered are resolved by determining the reachable region of the burnup of each zone which is chosen as a state vector. The method described in this study is based on a topological mapping theory, and for illustrative purposes, the results in the case of a two-zone model are shown by using the method.