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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
J. E. Hoogenboom
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 70 | Number 2 | May 1979 | Pages 210-212
Technical Note | doi.org/10.13182/NSE79-A19656
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
In solving integral equations and estimating average with the Monte Carlo method, biasing functions may be used to reduce the variance of the estimates. A simple derivation has been used to prove the existence of a zero-variance collision estimator if a specific biasing function and survival probability are applied. This optimum biasing function is the same as that used for the well-known zero-variance last-event estimator.