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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
D. E. Cullen, S. T. Perkins
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 81 | Number 1 | May 1982 | Pages 75-91
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE82-A19596
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Methods for treating nuclear plus interference elastic scattering of light charged particles in continuous energy or multigroup transport calculations are given. These methods conserve the rate of projectile energy loss and maintain energy balance by ensuring that, on the average, the rate of projectile energy loss equals the rate of target energy gain. It is shown that this approach is equivalent to conserving the P0 and P1 moments of the angular distribution of scattered projectiles and targets in the center-of-mass system. We include an approximate method that corrects for the temperature of the medium. To illustrate the application of these methods to a multigroup problem, we give multigroup data for all 25 projectile/target combinations of protons, deuterons, tritons, 3He ions, and alpha particles based on an example 10-group energy structure. The results are in a compact form from which the group-to-group transfer matrices can be easily calculated.