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In transition: Commercializing fusion power
Commercial fusion power is closer than ever. There are now around 30 U.S. fusion companies, several of which claim to be on track to connect to the grid as early as the 2030s.
Tokamak and laser inertial confinement approaches benefit from decades of research at facilities such as the National Ignition Facility (NIF) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and ITER, with alternative concepts including stellarator, magnetic mirror, and Z-pinch confinement also making notable progress as private and government funding for fusion increases.
G. Le Coq, J. Lewi, P. Raymond
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 81 | Number 1 | May 1982 | Pages 1-8
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE82-A19590
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The use of the one-dimensional two-phase flow six-equation model requires knowledge of mass, momentum, and energy transfers between the phases. These transfers can be expressed from the flow parameters and their derivatives. The first part of this paper is devoted to the formulation of the entropy production at the interface as a function of the velocity, Gibbs potential and temperature of each phase. It is assumed that each transfer can be expressed in the form where R is the reversible part and δR the irreversible part of the transfer R. The linear theory of irreversible thermodynamics allows the formulation of δR. The expression of R may include differential terms. In the second part of this paper, we show how to write interfacial transfer terms to reduce the six-equation model into a lower order model. The last part of this paper presents an original method for computing critical flow, taking into account the flow blockage phenomenon, which is observed when variations of downstream conditions do not produce any significant effect on the upstream flow, even though the fluid velocity is less than the sound velocity.