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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
L. Green, J. A. Mitchell, N. M. Steen
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 52 | Number 3 | November 1973 | Pages 406-412
Technical Note | doi.org/10.13182/NSE73-A19488
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The 233U fission neutron spectrum has been measured by pulsed-beam time-of-flight techniques from 0.8 to 10 MeV. Above ≈2 MeV, the data were found, within statistics, to be adequately represented by either the model in the ENDF/B-III file or a best fit Maxwellian distribution with nearly the same average energy. At lower energy, the data appear to follow the ENDF/B representation somewhat more closely. The fit of a Maxwellian distribution to the 233U data yielded an average “temperature” parameter of 1.34 ± 0.02 MeV, where the error includes both statistical and systematic uncertainties. A similar fit to data taken for a 235U sample yielded a temperature parameter of 1.31 ± 0.03 MeV; however, the best estimated difference in temperature is 16 ± 6 keV.