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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
L. R. Greenwood, R. R. Heinrich, M. J. Saltmarsh, C. B. Fulmer
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 72 | Number 2 | November 1979 | Pages 175-190
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE79-A19462
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Neutron activation measurements are reported for 44 reactions from 14 materials irradiated in a well-characterized neutron field produced by 40-MeV deuterons impinging on 9Be at the Oak Ridge Isochronous Cyclotron. Foil packets were located at 0 and 15 deg to the beam at 7.62 cm from the source, and additional foil materials were located directly on the deuteron beam stop 6.25 mm from the source. Integral tests were made for 30 reactions using previously measured time-of-flight (TOF) spectra and neutron cross sections, primarily from ENDF/B-IV, extrapolated to 44 MeV. The integral results are excellent, with an overall standard deviation of ±11% for 25 recommended reactions (±14% for 30 reactions), and neutron spectra unfolded with the SAND II code show excellent agreement with TOF measurements.