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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
R. D. Lawrence, J. J. Dorning
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 76 | Number 2 | November 1980 | Pages 218-231
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE80-A19452
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A nodal method for the solution of the multidimensional neutron diffusion equation is developed and evaluated. The method is based on the linear form of the nodal balance equation written in terms of the average partial currents across the surfaces of the node. Green's functions for one-dimensional in-group diffusion-removal operators are used to generate a coupled set of one-dimensional integral equations defined over a subdomain or node. These integral equations represent an exact (local) solution to the coupled set of one-dimensional differential equations obtained by spatially integrating the multidimensional diffusion equation over directions transverse to each coordinate direction. The integral equations are approximated using a weighted residual procedure applied within each node. The resulting matrix equations, when solved in conjunction with the linear form of the nodal balance equation, provide the necessary additional relationships between the interface partial currents and the flux within the node. The nodal method is applied to several two- and three-dimensional light water reactor benchmark problems and to a four-group liquid-metal fast breeder reactor problem. These results demonstrate the capability of the method to yield very accurate steady-state and transient results in significantly smaller computing times than those required by standard finite difference methods.