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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
D. E. Kornreich, B. D. Ganapol
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 127 | Number 3 | November 1997 | Pages 317-337
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE97-A1938
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The linear Boltzmann equation for the transport of neutral particles is investigated with the objective of generating a benchmark-quality calculation for the three-dimensional searchlight problem in a semi-infinite medium. The derivation assumes stationarity, one energy group, and isotropic scattering. The scalar flux (both surface and interior) and the current at the surface are the quantities of interest. The source considered is a pencil-beam incident at a point on the surface of a semi-infinite medium. The scalar flux will have two-dimensional variation only if the beam is normal; otherwise, it is three-dimensional. The solutions are obtained by using Fourier and Laplace transform methods. The transformed transport equation is formulated so that it can be related to a one-dimensional pseudo problem, thus providing some analytical leverage for the inversions. The numerical inversions use standard numerical techniques such as Gauss-Legendre quadrature, summation of infinite series, H-function iteration and evaluation, and Euler-Knopp acceleration. The numerical evaluations of the scalar flux and current at the surface are relatively simple, and the interior scalar flux is relatively difficult to calculate because of the embedded two-dimensional Fourier transform inversion, Laplace transform inversion, and H-function evaluation. Comparisons of these numerical solutions to results from the MCNP probabilistic code and the THREEDANT discrete ordinates code are provided and help confirm proper operation of the analytical code.