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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
Yukiko Hanzawa, Daisuke Hiroishi, Chihiro Matsuura, Kenkichi Ishigure, Masashi Nagao, Masashi Haginuma
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 127 | Number 3 | November 1997 | Pages 292-299
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE97-03
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Hydrolysis constants of the zinc ion were measured at 25, 50, 75, 185, 200, and 225°C through the direct measurement of pH using pH sensors, especially of the yttria-stabilized zirconia membrane-type in the case of high temperatures over 185°C, and evaluation was done on the temperature dependence of the hydrolysis constants of the zinc ion. Solubilities of zinc oxide in pure oxygenated water were measured at 150, 200, and 250°C. Equilibrium constants of zinc oxide dissolution and the values of Gf0(Zn2+) at each temperature were estimated by thermodynamic analysis applying the estimated hydrolysis constants to the solubility data of ZnO.