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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
T. W. Armstrong, H. S. Moran
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 42 | Number 1 | October 1970 | Pages 41-48
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE70-A19325
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Calculations have been carried out to estimate the absorbed-dose and dose-equivalent rates at various depths in the atmosphere produced by an energetic solar flare—the flare of February 23, 1956. The dose rates are determined both by computing flux spectra using air only and applying flux-to-dose conversion factors and by computing the dose rates in tissue using an air-tissue-air arrangement. The two methods of calculation are in reasonable agreement when the flux-to-dose factors are applied to the forward-flux spectra, but the calculations indicate that previous results obtained using omnidirectional-flux spectra overestimate the dose rates. Also, the effect of the fuel carried by a supersonic aircraft on the dose received by the passengers in the event of a solar flare has been considered and found not to be substantial.