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Fusion Science and Technology
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In transition: Commercializing fusion power
Commercial fusion power is closer than ever. There are now around 30 U.S. fusion companies, several of which claim to be on track to connect to the grid as early as the 2030s.
Tokamak and laser inertial confinement approaches benefit from decades of research at facilities such as the National Ignition Facility (NIF) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and ITER, with alternative concepts including stellarator, magnetic mirror, and Z-pinch confinement also making notable progress as private and government funding for fusion increases.
Kenji Higuchi, Kiyoshi Asai, Yukihiro Hasegawa
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 127 | Number 1 | September 1997 | Pages 78-88
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE97-A1922
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Experiences with vectorization of production-level Monte Carlo codes such as KENO-IV, MCNP, VIM, and MORSE have shown that it is difficult to attain high speedup ratios on vector processors because of indirect addressing, nests of conditional branches, short vector length, cache misses, and operations for realization of robustness and generality. A previous work has already shown that the first, second, and third difficulties can be resolved by using special computer hardware for vector processing of Monte Carlo codes. Here, the fourth and fifth difficulties are discussed in detail using the results for a vectorized version of the MORSE code. As for the fourth difficulty, it is shown that the cache miss-hit ratio affects execution times of the vectorized Monte Carlo codes and the ratio strongly depends on the number of the particles simultaneously tracked. As for the fifth difficulty, it is shown that remarkable speedup ratios are obtained by removing operations that are not essential to the specific problem being solved. These experiences have shown that if a production-level Monte Carlo code system had a capability to selectively construct source coding that complements the input data, then the resulting code could achieve much higher performance.