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Breaking ground on a new approach to construction
The drive to Kairos Power’s reactor demonstration site in Oak Ridge, Tenn., is not only scenic—it’s historic. Nearly 85 years ago, roughly 30,000 construction workers transformed orchards and farmland into a key Manhattan Project site. Depending on your route, you may pass by one of the three gatehouses that were once military checkpoints controlling access to Atomic Energy Commission production facilities.
Keiichi Saito
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 37 | Number 3 | September 1969 | Pages 380-396
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE69-A19114
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Input-noise sources in at-power reactors are formulated under the basic assumption that a set of macrostochastic variables characterizing the state of the reactors has Markoffian properties. An input-noise source is defined as the ratio between the power-spectral density of fluctuations in the reactor-power level and the square modulus of the source-transfer function. Random birth and death processes of neutrons give rise to a “white” contribution to the input source. Additional contributions are found which have the break (roll-off) angular frequencies determined by the relaxation time constants of the feedback effects on reactivity. These “non-white” terms come from fluctuations in neutron-reaction cross sections caused by temperature variations. The ratio of the non-white to the white terms increases as the reactor power increases. It also depends on the magnitude of the reactivity coefficients of feedback. Before one evaluates the magnitude of the non-white noise term, however, there should be knowledge of some statistical parameters relating the noise to random emission of energy by nuclear fissions, random exchange between the fuel and the coolant in heat transfer reactions and random removal through the coolant flow. The formula for analyzing the power-spectral density of the temperature fluctuations is also derived where the same unknown statistical parameters appear. Measurements of both the power and the temperature fluctuations will serve to determine these parameters whereby one will be able to obtain better information on the time constant and the reactivity coefficient of each feedback effect.