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In transition: Commercializing fusion power
Commercial fusion power is closer than ever. There are now around 30 U.S. fusion companies, several of which claim to be on track to connect to the grid as early as the 2030s.
Tokamak and laser inertial confinement approaches benefit from decades of research at facilities such as the National Ignition Facility (NIF) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and ITER, with alternative concepts including stellarator, magnetic mirror, and Z-pinch confinement also making notable progress as private and government funding for fusion increases.
R. W. Ostensen, R. J. Lipinski
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 79 | Number 1 | September 1981 | Pages 110-113
Technical Note | doi.org/10.13182/NSE81-A19046
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A model for particle bed dryout based on the phenomenon of flooding is developed for particles greater than ∼1 mm in diameter. Dryout develops when vapor flow from boiling in the bed limits the influx of replenishing coolant. In the flooding model, the liquid-vapor counterflow is limited by the drag between the liquid and the vapor. In previous models, the counterflow is limited by the drag between the coolant and the bed particles. The flooding model predicts a dryout heat flux that depends on the square root of the diameter of the particles. Previous dryout models predict a dependence on the square of the diameter. The flooding model predicts significantly lower dryout heat fluxes for particle diameters in excess of ∼1 mm. These predictions agree well with experimental data.