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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
A. Galati
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 79 | Number 1 | September 1981 | Pages 1-8
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE81-A19037
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The “spring model” belongs to the class of single bubble models in the sense that it is based on the concept of a vapor bubble bounded by an upper and a lower plane interface across which mass, energy, and momentum are transferred. It is characterized by the hypothesis that the bubble transformations occur under adiabatic conditions. From the numerical point of view, it is very simple and requires a very short computing time. The model and its name were suggested by the analysis of the damped oscillations of the pressure observed during one of the single-pin boiling tests performed on the ENA-2 loop. Pressure, temperatures, and void fractions calculated by the spring model were compared with the experimental ones and very good agreement was observed in this case.