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Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
A. Galati
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 79 | Number 1 | September 1981 | Pages 1-8
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE81-A19037
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The “spring model” belongs to the class of single bubble models in the sense that it is based on the concept of a vapor bubble bounded by an upper and a lower plane interface across which mass, energy, and momentum are transferred. It is characterized by the hypothesis that the bubble transformations occur under adiabatic conditions. From the numerical point of view, it is very simple and requires a very short computing time. The model and its name were suggested by the analysis of the damped oscillations of the pressure observed during one of the single-pin boiling tests performed on the ENA-2 loop. Pressure, temperatures, and void fractions calculated by the spring model were compared with the experimental ones and very good agreement was observed in this case.