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Dallas, TX|Hilton Anatole
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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
R. L. French and M. B. Wells
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 19 | Number 4 | August 1964 | Pages 441-448
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE64-A19002
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
An albedo model for calculating the dose due to fast neutrons reflected from materials of low to moderate hydrogen content has been developed through analysis of extensive Monte Carlo data. The model, which was developed from reflection data for iron, concrete and three types of soil, is for reflection to a unit non-directional receiver and is of the form α(Ε0)cos2-3θ0cosθ where α(Ε0) is a coefficient tabulated as a function of incident energy, Ε0, for the various materials, θ0 is the angle of incidence and θ is the angle of reflection (both measured from the normal). The differential albedo, in units of reflected dose/steradian per unit dose incident at angle θ0, may be converted to a total albedo by multiplying by π. The total dose albedo for normally incident fission neutron was found to be closely approximated by 0.435(ΣΤΣΗ)/ΣΤ where ΣΤ is the macroscopic total cross section of all elements of the material, and ΣΗ is the macroscopic cross section of the hydrogen of the material, both weighted by the fission spectrum.