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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
Victor H. Heiskala
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 19 | Number 4 | August 1964 | Pages 418-422
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE64-A18998
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A theoretical study of the problem of irreversible condensation in the general vapor was performed. Assuming a mechanism of the step-wise addition of molecules to clusters in the vapor by collisions under nonequilibrium steady-state conditions, a general rate expression for homogeneous condensation was derived. This general expression was then elucidated for two vapor types, of which sodium vapor and water vapor are examples. The results for a theoretical calculation, when compared with qualified experimental data for water vapor over a wide range of temperatures, indicated good agreement between theory and experiment.