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In transition: Commercializing fusion power
Commercial fusion power is closer than ever. There are now around 30 U.S. fusion companies, several of which claim to be on track to connect to the grid as early as the 2030s.
Tokamak and laser inertial confinement approaches benefit from decades of research at facilities such as the National Ignition Facility (NIF) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and ITER, with alternative concepts including stellarator, magnetic mirror, and Z-pinch confinement also making notable progress as private and government funding for fusion increases.
William Primak
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 80 | Number 4 | April 1982 | Pages 689-699
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE82-A18978
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A short ion bombardment greatly increases the hot saline etching or leaching of silicate glasses. The effect was observed for xenon, argon, neon, helium, and deuterium ion bombardment. From the relative values of the effect produced by the several ions, it was demonstrated that the effect is associated with the hot secondaries. The hot saline can cause the complete removal of material, thus producing a depression of an irradiated area, which was measured interferometrically, or it may cause a leaching of the cationic content of the glass and leave a silaceous residual film, which was studied by obtaining its spectral reflectivity. Other glasses may behave in an intermediate manner leading to some depression and some film residue. The glasses studied were soda-lime glass, light barium crown (28% BaO), and two facsimile radioactive waste storage glasses. The first two showed the enhanced etching, the first waste storage glass a tenacious film, and the second waste storage glass showed the intermediate behavior, some etching, and some film residue. The enhancement of the etching rate of the light barium crown glass was calculated as some fivefold, for the soda-lime glass about elevenfold. Enhancement of the leaching rate of the first waste storage glass was ∼2½ for helium ion bombardment and over 3½ for xenon or neon ion bombardment.