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Fusion Science and Technology
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In transition: Commercializing fusion power
Commercial fusion power is closer than ever. There are now around 30 U.S. fusion companies, several of which claim to be on track to connect to the grid as early as the 2030s.
Tokamak and laser inertial confinement approaches benefit from decades of research at facilities such as the National Ignition Facility (NIF) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and ITER, with alternative concepts including stellarator, magnetic mirror, and Z-pinch confinement also making notable progress as private and government funding for fusion increases.
R. T. Santoro, R. G. Alsmiller, Jr., J. M. Barnes, G. T. Chapman, J. S. Tang
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 80 | Number 4 | April 1982 | Pages 586-602
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE82-A18972
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Integral experiments that measure the streaming of ∼14-MeV neutrons through a 0.30-m-diam iron duct (length-to-diameter ratio ∼ 3) imbedded in a concrete shield have been carried out at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Calculated and measured neutron and gamma-ray energy spectra are compared at 16 detector locations on and off the cylindrical axis of the duct. The measured spectra were obtained using an NE-213 liquid scintillator detector with pulse-shape discrimination to simultaneously resolve neutron and gamma-ray events. The calculated spectra were obtained using a computer code network that incorporates two radiation transport methods: discrete ordinates (with P3 multigroup cross sections) and Monte Carlo (with continuous point cross sections). The two radiation transport methodologies are required to properly account for neutrons that single scatter from the duct to the detector. The calculated and measured outgoing neutron energy spectra above 850 keV agree within 5 to 50% depending on detector location and neutron energy. The calculated and measured gamma-ray spectra above 750 ke V are also in favorable agreement, ∼5 to 50%, depending on detector location and gamma-ray energy.