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In transition: Commercializing fusion power
Commercial fusion power is closer than ever. There are now around 30 U.S. fusion companies, several of which claim to be on track to connect to the grid as early as the 2030s.
Tokamak and laser inertial confinement approaches benefit from decades of research at facilities such as the National Ignition Facility (NIF) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and ITER, with alternative concepts including stellarator, magnetic mirror, and Z-pinch confinement also making notable progress as private and government funding for fusion increases.
A. B. Chilton, C. M. Eisenhauer, G. L. Simmons
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 73 | Number 1 | January 1980 | Pages 97-107
Technical Note | doi.org/10.13182/NSE80-A18714
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Buildup factors for photons in infinite homogeneous samples of air, water, and iron have been calculated by a moments method code. The photons were assumed to be emitted from a point source. Comparisons of these results to values obtained earlier, both by experiment and by calculation, show reasonable agreement except in some instances of deep penetration. The parameters in the Berger empirical formula for buildup factors have been evaluated from the present work. The Berger formula is shown to fit the calculational results for nuclei of low atomic number at energies above 1 Me V and below 0.06 MeV. In mid-energy range, differences of as much as 40% are observed. The formula appears to provide excellent fit to the data for nuclei of medium atomic number.