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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
Iván Lux
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 73 | Number 1 | January 1980 | Pages 66-75
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE80-A18709
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Sufficient conditions are provided in terms of transition kernels under which one game results in a lower variance than another game when both estimate the same quantity. By defining the efficiency of a Monte Carlo game by the inverse of the product of the variance and the number of collisions per history and the computing time per collision, and by using a special approximation, called the separation assumption, for the evaluation of integrals occurring in the analysis, it is shown in a simplified situation that the expected leakage probability method in reaction rate and leakage estimations, although reducing the variance, is less efficient than the analog game with an expectation estimator. The efficiency of a game with survival biasing and Russian roulette is examined, and a simple method is presented for the determination of a quasi-optimum value of the Russian roulette parameter.