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Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
In transition: Commercializing fusion power
Commercial fusion power is closer than ever. There are now around 30 U.S. fusion companies, several of which claim to be on track to connect to the grid as early as the 2030s.
Tokamak and laser inertial confinement approaches benefit from decades of research at facilities such as the National Ignition Facility (NIF) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and ITER, with alternative concepts including stellarator, magnetic mirror, and Z-pinch confinement also making notable progress as private and government funding for fusion increases.
Chaung Lin,Lawrence M. Grossman
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 92 | Number 4 | April 1986 | Pages 531-544
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE86-A18610
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A multilevel method is applied to the load-following control of a boiling water reactor using a nodal reactor model with practical operational constraints and thermal limits. Due to the very large size of the problem, a decomposition is made using hierarchical control techniques. The optimization of the resulting subproblems is performed using the feasible direction method. An objective functional, of quadratic form, is defined to reflect the control objective, namely, to achieve the desired thermal power (tracking) with minimum effort, returning to the initial xenon and iodine concentration as closely as possible. Nodal source equation and discretized Xe-I dynamic equations are formulated as equality constraints, while the linear heat generation rate and the rate of power increase are formulated as inequality constraints. Core flow and control rod position are the control variables. A simplified model of the core is used, with 4×4 fuel assemblies that have one control rod at the center.