ANS is committed to advancing, fostering, and promoting the development and application of nuclear sciences and technologies to benefit society.
Explore the many uses for nuclear science and its impact on energy, the environment, healthcare, food, and more.
Explore membership for yourself or for your organization.
Conference Spotlight
2026 Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
August 24–27, 2026
Dallas, TX|Hilton Anatole
Latest Magazine Issues
Aug 2026
Jan 2026
2026
Latest Journal Issues
Nuclear Science and Engineering
October 2026
Nuclear Technology
September 2026
Fusion Science and Technology
August 2026
Latest News
Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
R. B. Bennett, W. M. Stacey, Jr.
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 88 | Number 4 | December 1984 | Pages 475-485
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE84-A18366
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A theory for the effect of directed neutral beam injection (NBI) on impurity transport in tokamaks is extended to include temperature gradient effects. The extended theory is compared with experimental data from the Princeton Large Torus, and certain coefficients are adjusted to provide agreement. The adjusted theory is applied to assess the potential of NBI being used to prevent impurities from penetrating to the center of future tokamak plasmas, thereby possibly creating a cold radiating edge. The results indicate the possibility of creating a cold radiating edge in the tokamak fusion test reactor and in future tokamaks represented by the fusion engineering device and STARFIRE.