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2026 Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
August 24–27, 2026
Dallas, TX|Hilton Anatole
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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
Kazumi Iwamoto
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 18 | Number 2 | February 1964 | Pages 189-199
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE64-A18318
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Irradiated UO2 graphite fuel samples in which most of the fission products had recoiled into the graphite matrix were heated after irradiation, and then leached with nitric acid. The leach-ability of non-gaseous fission products was influenced by fission product concentration, by irradiation temperature, and largely by temperature and period of the heating. A possible rate-controlling mechanism for the fission product loss during the heating is discussed, and the results obtained are compared with some of the earlier work. The data may be interpreted as indicating that the fission products migrate through the graphite crystal to its surface according to a fast and a slow migration step. Escape from the graphite matrix by volatilization is apparently less rapid than the fast migration step; volatilization may be the rate-limiting mechanism in the loss process.