ANS is committed to advancing, fostering, and promoting the development and application of nuclear sciences and technologies to benefit society.
Explore the many uses for nuclear science and its impact on energy, the environment, healthcare, food, and more.
Explore membership for yourself or for your organization.
Conference Spotlight
2025 ANS Winter Conference & Expo
November 9–12, 2025
Washington, DC|Washington Hilton
Standards Program
The Standards Committee is responsible for the development and maintenance of voluntary consensus standards that address the design, analysis, and operation of components, systems, and facilities related to the application of nuclear science and technology. Find out What’s New, check out the Standards Store, or Get Involved today!
Latest Magazine Issues
Oct 2025
Jul 2025
Latest Journal Issues
Nuclear Science and Engineering
November 2025
Nuclear Technology
Fusion Science and Technology
October 2025
Latest News
Dry Ice Blasting: A Game-Changer for Safe Cleaning and Decontamination in Nuclear Power Plants
The nuclear energy industry is critical not only for meeting the world’s growing demand for electricity but also for advancing global decarbonization goals. As the sector evolves—through life extensions of existing plants, decommissioning, innovations like small modular reactors (SMRs) and microreactors, and new facility construction—the need for safe, efficient, and environmentally responsible maintenance and decommissioning continues to grow. Whether a plant is coming online, operating beyond its original design life, or entering decommissioning, cleanliness and operational integrity remain non-negotiable. That’s where dry ice blasting stands out—a powerful, safe cleaning method ideally suited for the high-stakes demands of nuclear environments.
Y. Higashihara, Masaru Nakai, Masanori Okubo,
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 27 | Number 2 | February 1967 | Pages 441-449
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE67-A18283
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The albedo component of gamma rays passing through a straight cylindrical lead duct has been investigated experimentally for reactor leakage gamma rays impinging on the duct mouth at various angles of 0 through 90°. The distribution of the albedo component along the duct axis may be expressed in the form F(α)·(Z/a)-3 within the range of Z/a investigated. The contributions from multiple-reflection components to total dose have also been inferred. Also obtained were the radial distributions in both horizontal and vertical directions within and behind the duct., For a duct with one bend of 90°, the gamma-ray dose contributions arising from scattering areas located in both the first leg and the second leg have been determined separately for the incident beam angle of 0° with respect to the axis of the first leg.
