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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
J. S. Hendricks, L. L. Carter
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 89 | Number 2 | February 1985 | Pages 118-130
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE85-A18186
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A synergistic method is described for the angle biasing of anisotropic scattering kernels in Monte Carlo calculations. The method generalizes Dwivedi's suggestion of using the exponential transform to cancel the undesirable fluctuations of angle biasing. Only photons are examined because the biasing of the Klein-Nishina scattering kernel can be treated analytically in contrast to more general neutron scattering kernels, which would require a numerical treatment. Three-dimensional continuous-energy results indicate that angle biasing in conjunction with the exponential transform is better than either by itself and greatly enhances Monte Carlo transport for the cases shown.