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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
James A. Davis
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 31 | Number 1 | January 1968 | Pages 127-146
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE68-A18015
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
By using variational means, it is found for any one velocity system with non- zero absorption cross section having either vacuum, reflecting, or antireflecting boundary conditions that the transport solution is, in a very specific sense, approached monotonically from above by the solutions to the odd PN equations and from below by the solutions to the even PN equations, provided the PN solutions are obtained by using appropriate continuity and external boundary conditions. That is to say, odd and even PN calculations “bracket” the transport solution. In one instance, the escape probability is bounded and, in another, the disadvantage factor. This theoretical result, along with certain numerical evidence, suggests that the modified P2 approximation of Dawson may serve as a practical, reasonably accurate alternative to diffusion theory for certain realistic design problems.