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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
Eze Wills, Norman Roderick, Patrick McDaniel
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 93 | Number 3 | July 1986 | Pages 291-307
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE86-A17758
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A method for solving particle transport problems has been developed. In this method the particle flux is expressed as a linear and separable sum of odd and even components in the direction variables. Then a Bubnov-Galerkin projection technique and an equivalent variational Raleigh-Ritz solution are applied to the second-order transport equation. A dual finite element basis of polynomial splines in space and spherical harmonics in angle is used. The general theoretical and numerical problem formalism is carried out for a seven-dimensional problem with anisotropic scattering, time dependence, three spatial and two angular variables, and with a multigroup treatment of the energy dependence. The boundary conditions for most physical problems of interest are dealt with explicitly and rigorously by a classical minimization (variational) principle. Finally, the computational validation of the method is obtained by a computer solution to the monoenergetic steady-state air-over-ground problem in a cylindrical (r, z) geometry and with an exponentially varying atmosphere.