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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
S. Kaizerman, E. Wacholder, E. Elias
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 84 | Number 2 | June 1983 | Pages 168-173
Technical Note | doi.org/10.13182/NSE83-A17725
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
An exact analytical solution of the characteristic equation of homogeneous nonequilibrium two-phase (gas-liquid) flow using the drift-flux model and an approximate, highly accurate, analytical solution of the characteristic equation of inhomogeneous nonequilibrium two-phase flows for practically all flow patterns are presented. Based on the nature of the eigenvalues, in analogy with single-phase flow and previous work in two-phase flows, the homogeneous and inhomogeneous nonequilibrium sound speeds have been defined. The resulting expressions for the sound speed are studied in a wide range of steam/water system parameters of interest such as pressure, degree of thermal nonequilibrium, and void fraction, from which conclusions concerning their general behavior are drawn. Good agreement is obtained between theoretical predictions of the sound speeds and various experimental data.