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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
A. F. Henry
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 27 | Number 3 | March 1967 | Pages 493-510
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE86-A17615
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The equations and boundary conditions that constitute the P1 approximation to the space-time-energy transport equation and its adjoint can be obtained from a variational expression that admits trial functions discontinuous in space and energy. This expression can then be used to derive all the standard forms of the few-group diffusion equations—equations using flux averaged constants, over-lapping group equations, parallel group equations—as well as many more hitherto unexamined. Such a procedure is carried out in the present paper. All the standard few-group results, as well as formally exact few-group equations and multigroup equations, are shown to be special cases of a single general form derived from the variational expression. Internal boundary conditions are obtained automatically, and it is shown that in some cases discontinuities in fluxes and currents ought to be imposed across internal boundaries.